The Bhattarai (भट्टराई) surname is one of the prominent Brahmin surnames in Nepal, particularly associated with the Khas Brahmins (Bahuns) who follow the Hindu religion. The origin of the Bhattarai community can be traced back to the Vedic period when Brahmins held a significant position in society due to their religious knowledge and roles in rituals. The surname "Bhattarai" is derived from two Sanskrit words: Bhatta meaning learned scholar or priest, and Rai indicating a title of respect, often used for high-ranking individuals.
Historically, the Bhattarai families migrated from India to Nepal, especially during the medieval period when various groups of Brahmins were invited by kings for religious, astrological, and administrative purposes. The Bhattarai Brahmins settled in different parts of Nepal, where they maintained their Vedic traditions, engaged in religious services, and served in advisory roles to the rulers.

Many Bhattarai individuals have contributed significantly to Nepal's politics, education, and society over the centuries. They are well-known for their roles in government, social reforms, and scholarly pursuits. One of the most prominent figures from this community in modern times is Dr. Baburam Bhattarai, a former Prime Minister of Nepal, who played a crucial role in the political transformation of the country during the Maoist insurgency and post-conflict reconstruction.
The Bhattarai community, like other Brahmin groups, follows strict religious and social norms, particularly with respect to marriage, family structure, and rituals. They also take pride in their role as preservers of cultural and religious knowledge in Nepalese society.